Microwave communication is a type of wireless communication that uses microwaves (typically frequencies from 1 GHz to 300 GHz) to transmit data over long distances.
Advantages include high bandwidth, enabling high data rates, line-of-sight communication over long distances, minimal interference from other communication systems, and the ability to penetrate the atmosphere for satellite communications.
Waveguides are structures that guide electromagnetic waves, particularly microwaves, from one point to another. They minimize signal loss and are essential for efficient transmission in microwave systems.
A parabolic antenna is a high-gain reflector antenna that uses a parabolic reflector to focus the microwaves into a narrow beam. It is used for long-distance communication and satellite links due to its high directivity and efficiency.
A microwave repeater amplifies and retransmits the microwave signals to extend the communication range. It compensates for signal attenuation over long distances, ensuring signal strength and quality.
LOS communication requires a clear, unobstructed path between the transmitter and receiver for effective signal transmission. Obstacles like buildings or mountains can block the signal, necessitating careful planning and positioning of antennas.
A microwave link is a communication link that uses microwave signals to connect two points, such as between cellular towers or between a ground station and a satellite. It is commonly used in telecommunications, broadcasting, and data networks.
The common propagation modes in waveguides are Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) modes. TE modes have no electric field component in the direction of propagation, while TM modes have no magnetic field component in the direction of propagation.
A circulator is a non-reciprocal device that directs the flow of microwave signals in a specific direction, typically in a three-port or four-port configuration. It is used to isolate different parts of a system, such as separating the transmitter and receiver in radar systems.
Microwave attenuation refers to the reduction in signal strength as it propagates through a medium. Attenuation can be caused by factors such as free-space loss, absorption by atmospheric gases, rain fade, and scattering.