Syntax and Data Types in R Programming

1. Vectors

Vectors are the simplest data type in R. They are sequences of elements of the same type.

    # Creating a numeric vector
    numeric_vector <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
    print(numeric_vector)
    
    # Creating a character vector
    character_vector <- c("apple", "banana", "cherry")
    print(character_vector)
    
    # Creating a logical vector
    logical_vector <- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)
    print(logical_vector)

2. Lists

Lists can contain elements of different types, such as numbers, strings, and vectors.

    # Creating a list
    my_list <- list(
      name = "John",
      age = 25,
      scores = c(90, 85, 88)
    )
    print(my_list)
    
    # Accessing list elements
    print(my_list$name)
    print(my_list$scores)

3. Matrices

Matrices are two-dimensional arrays where all elements must be of the same type.

    # Creating a matrix
    my_matrix <- matrix(
      c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6),
      nrow = 2,
      ncol = 3
    )
    print(my_matrix)
    
    # Accessing matrix elements
    print(my_matrix[1, 2])

4. Data Frames

Data frames are like tables and can hold data of different types in columns.

    # Creating a data frame
    my_data_frame <- data.frame(
      Name = c("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"),
      Age = c(25, 30, 35),
      Gender = c("F", "M", "M")
    )
    print(my_data_frame)
    
    # Accessing data frame elements
    print(my_data_frame$Name)
    print(my_data_frame[1, ])

5. Factors

Factors are used to represent categorical data and store it as levels.

    # Creating a factor
    my_factor <- factor(c("small", "large", "medium", "large", "small"))
    print(my_factor)
    
    # Displaying the levels
    print(levels(my_factor))

Conclusion

This tutorial introduced the basic syntax and data types in R, including vectors, lists, matrices, data frames, and factors. These are foundational for working with data in R programming.




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