Condition Types and Access Sequence in SAP SD
In SAP SD (Sales and Distribution), pricing is determined by a series of conditions, which define how various elements like price, discount, taxes, and surcharges are applied to a sales document. The system uses Condition Types to define each element and Access Sequences to search for valid condition records. Understanding these components is critical for proper pricing configuration and management in SAP SD.
What are Condition Types in SAP SD?
Condition types in SAP SD define the different pricing elements that can be applied to a sales document. They determine how the system calculates prices, discounts, surcharges, taxes, and other conditions. Each condition type has its own set of rules and parameters that control its behavior.
Examples of Common Condition Types in SAP SD
- PR00: Price (Material Price)
- K004: Discount on Material
- MWST: Sales Tax
- K007: Customer Discount
- Z001: Handling Charges
What is Access Sequence in SAP SD?
An access sequence in SAP SD is a search strategy that defines the order in which the system looks for condition records. It determines the sequence of steps that the system should follow to find valid records based on criteria such as customer, material, sales organization, and more. If the system doesn't find a condition record in the first access step, it will move to the next one until it finds a match.
How Access Sequence Works
Each access sequence is linked to one or more condition types. The access sequence is made up of one or more access steps, where each step represents a specific criterion (e.g., customer, material, or sales organization). The system follows these steps to search for a condition record. If no record is found in the first access step, the system proceeds to the next step, and so on until it finds a valid condition or exhausts all steps.
Key Elements of Condition Types and Access Sequences
Condition Types
- Condition Class: Defines the category of the condition type, such as price, discount, tax, or surcharge.
- Calculation Type: Specifies how the condition type is calculated, e.g., percentage, value, or quantity-based calculation.
- Condition Update: Indicates if the condition record should be updated during the transaction process.
- Statistical Condition: Defines if the condition is for informational purposes and not involved in price calculations.
Access Sequences
- Access Step: Each access step specifies a criterion for searching for condition records, such as customer or material.
- Access Sequence Key: Defines the order of access steps in the search strategy.
- Search Strategy: A set of priorities for searching for valid condition records across various access steps.
How Condition Types and Access Sequences Work Together
The integration of condition types and access sequences ensures that pricing conditions are applied correctly in the sales document. The system will follow the access sequence assigned to each condition type and search for valid records according to the search strategy. For example, when creating a sales order, the system first searches for a price condition (PR00) based on the customer and material combination, then looks for discounts and taxes if applicable.
Example Process
Let's walk through a real-world scenario to see how condition types and access sequences work together:
- Step 1: The customer (C1001) creates an order for material (M1001).
- Step 2: The system will use the access sequence for the price condition type (PR00) to search for a valid price for this material and customer combination. If no price is found, it will proceed to search based on material alone.
- Step 3: The system then checks for any discounts (K004) applicable to the customer (C1001) and material (M1001) combination. If no discount is found, it moves to the next level of the access sequence.
- Step 4: The system will apply the appropriate conditions to the order, such as price (PR00), discount (K004), and tax (MWST), based on the configured access sequence and condition types.
Step-by-Step Configuration of Condition Types and Access Sequence in SAP SD
Below are the steps to configure condition types and access sequences in SAP SD. These configurations are done through the SPRO (SAP Reference IMG) settings.
Step 1: Define Condition Types
To define a condition type, follow these steps:
- Go to transaction V/06 to define condition types.
- Click on New Entries to create a new condition type, such as K004 for discounts.
- Provide a description, for example, Material Discount.
- Specify the condition class, such as Discount, and select the calculation type, like Percentage.
- Configure other parameters, such as whether the condition type is statistical or not, and save the condition type.
Step 2: Define Access Sequences
To define an access sequence, follow these steps:
- Use transaction V/07 to define access sequences.
- Click on New Entries and create an access sequence, such as 0002 for discounts.
- Specify the search criteria (access steps), such as Customer, Material, and Sales Organization.
- Assign the condition types to the access sequence and specify the priority of search.
- Save the access sequence.
Step 3: Assign Access Sequences to Condition Types
To link the access sequence with condition types:
- Use transaction V/08 to assign access sequences to condition types.
- Find the condition type (e.g., K004) and assign the access sequence (e.g., 0002) to it.
- Save the assignment.
Step 4: Test Pricing with Condition Types and Access Sequence
Once the configuration is complete, you can test the pricing logic:
- Go to transaction VA01 to create a sales order.
- Enter customer C1001 and material M1001 in the sales order.
- The system will apply the appropriate condition types (e.g., PR00 for price, K004 for discount) based on the access sequence configuration.
- Review the pricing in the order to confirm that the correct conditions are applied and that the pricing is accurate.
Conclusion
Condition types and access sequences are essential components of the pricing functionality in SAP SD. Condition types define the types of conditions, such as price, discount, or surcharge, while access sequences determine how the system searches for condition records based on specific criteria. By properly configuring condition types and access sequences, you can ensure that pricing is applied accurately and efficiently in sales transactions.