Custom Reports Using ABAP Queries in SAP SD

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) queries are a powerful tool in SAP to create custom reports. This tutorial will guide you through creating a custom report in the SAP Sales and Distribution (SD) module using ABAP queries.

Step 1: Define a User Group

To begin, you need to create a user group to organize your queries.

  1. Go to transaction code SQ03.
  2. In the User Group field, enter a name for your group (e.g., ZSD_REPORT).
  3. Click on the Create button.
  4. Provide a description for the user group and save your changes.

Step 2: Create an Infoset

Infosets define the data sources for your queries.

  1. Go to transaction code SQ02.
  2. Enter a name for your Infoset (e.g., ZSD_INFOS).
  3. Click on the Create button.
  4. Select the data source type. For example, choose Table Join for combining SD-related tables like VBAK (sales document header) and VBAP (sales document items).
  5. Define the table joins and fields you want to include in the report.
  6. Save and activate the Infoset.

Step 3: Assign Infoset to User Group

Link the Infoset to your user group so that it can be used in queries.

  1. Go back to transaction code SQ03.
  2. Select your user group (e.g., ZSD_REPORT).
  3. Click on Infoset Assignment.
  4. Assign the Infoset (e.g., ZSD_INFOS) to the user group.
  5. Save your changes.

Step 4: Create an ABAP Query

Now, create a query to display the desired data.

  1. Go to transaction code SQ01.
  2. Enter a name for your query (e.g., ZSD_SALES_REPORT).
  3. Click on the Create button.
  4. Select your user group (e.g., ZSD_REPORT) and Infoset (e.g., ZSD_INFOS).
  5. Define the fields you want to include in the output (e.g., sales document number, material number, quantity).
  6. Specify selection criteria if required (e.g., sales organization, date range).
  7. Save and execute the query.

Step 5: Test the Report

After creating the query, test it to ensure it meets your requirements.

  1. Run the query in SQ01 by selecting it and clicking Execute.
  2. Provide input parameters if prompted.
  3. Review the output to verify accuracy.

Real-World Example

Imagine you need a report showing sales order details for a specific sales organization. You can achieve this by:

  • Joining VBAK and VBAP tables in the Infoset.
  • Adding fields like sales order number, material, and quantity to the output.
  • Setting a selection criterion for the sales organization in the query.

Execute the query to generate a list of sales orders for the specified sales organization, which can be exported for further analysis.

Conclusion

ABAP queries in SAP SD provide a flexible way to create custom reports without requiring extensive programming knowledge. By following these steps, you can build reports tailored to your business needs.




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