Posting Asset Acquisitions in SAP FICO

Posting asset acquisitions in SAP FICO is essential for recording the purchase of fixed assets. This process ensures that the acquisition cost is correctly accounted for in the General Ledger and the Asset Accounting module. This guide explains the steps to post an asset acquisition in SAP FICO with examples.

1. Types of Asset Acquisitions

There are two primary types of asset acquisitions in SAP:

  • External Acquisition: Purchase from an external vendor.
  • Internal Acquisition: Transfer of assets within the company code or from another company code.

2. Prerequisites

Before posting an asset acquisition, ensure the following:

  • The asset master record has been created using transaction AS01.
  • The asset is linked to the correct asset class and account determination.
  • Vendor and General Ledger accounts are properly configured.

3. Steps to Post an Asset Acquisition

Step 1: Access the Asset Acquisition Transaction

Use transaction code F-90 to post an asset acquisition. Alternatively, navigate through:

SAP Menu > Accounting > Financial Accounting > Asset Accounting > Posting > Acquisition > External Acquisition with Vendor

Step 2: Enter Document Details

Provide the following details on the initial screen:

  • Document Date: The date on the vendor invoice.
  • Posting Date: The date the transaction is posted in SAP.
  • Company Code: The company code for the transaction.
  • Currency: The transaction currency (e.g., USD).
  • Reference: A reference number for the transaction.

Example:

    Document Date: 25/11/2024
    Posting Date: 25/11/2024
    Company Code: 1000
    Currency: USD
    Reference: INV12345

Step 3: Enter Vendor and Asset Details

On the next screen, provide the following details:

  • Vendor Account: Enter the vendor number.
  • Asset: Enter the asset number or select from the list.
  • Acquisition Amount: Specify the acquisition cost.

Example:

    Vendor: 300001
    Asset: 100001 (CNC Machine)
    Acquisition Amount: $50,000

Step 4: Specify G/L Accounts

The system automatically derives the relevant G/L accounts from the account determination linked to the asset class. However, you can verify the accounts:

  • Acquisition Account: Account to record the asset acquisition cost.
  • Clearing Account: Used to offset the vendor invoice.

Example:

    Acquisition Account: 500000 (Machinery Acquisition)
    Clearing Account: 200000 (Vendor Payables)

Step 5: Simulate the Transaction

Click the "Simulate" button to preview the postings. Verify the debit and credit entries:

Example Simulation:

    Debit: 500000 (Asset Acquisition) - $50,000
    Credit: 200000 (Vendor Payables) - $50,000

Step 6: Post the Acquisition

If the simulation results are correct, click "Post" to complete the transaction. The system will generate a document number for the acquisition posting.

Example:

    Document Number: 1400001234

4. Verify the Acquisition

After posting, verify the acquisition using the following transactions:

  • AW01N: Asset Explorer - View asset details and postings.
  • FB03: Display Document - Check the financial document created.

Example Verification:

    Transaction: AW01N
    Asset: 100001
    Acquisition Value: $50,000

5. Depreciation Calculation

Once the acquisition is posted, depreciation can be calculated for the asset using transaction AFAB. The system uses the depreciation key and useful life defined in the asset master record.

Example Depreciation:

    Depreciation Key: LINR (Straight-Line)
    Monthly Depreciation: $416.67

6. Conclusion

Posting asset acquisitions in SAP FICO is a crucial step in asset management. By following these steps, businesses can ensure accurate recording of acquisition costs, seamless integration with financial accounting, and compliance with accounting standards. Proper validation and reporting further enhance the reliability of financial data.




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