Configuring Costing Sheets in SAP FICO

Costing sheets in SAP FICO are used to calculate overhead costs and apply them to products, services, or cost objects during cost planning and analysis. This guide will walk you through the process of configuring costing sheets in SAP FICO step-by-step, with examples for better understanding.

Step 1: Understand the Structure of a Costing Sheet

A costing sheet defines the method of calculating and applying overhead costs. The main components of a costing sheet include:

• Costing Sheet Header: Contains basic information like the costing sheet ID and description.
• Cost Elements: Defines the types of costs (e.g., overhead costs, material costs).
• Calculation Method: Determines how overhead costs are calculated (e.g., based on a percentage or amount).
• Keys for Overhead Calculation: Defines how overhead is allocated to cost objects (e.g., based on production costs, labor costs).

Step 2: Create a Costing Sheet

The first step in configuring a costing sheet is to create it in the system. To do so:

• Go to transaction code OKTZ to create a costing sheet.
• Enter a unique Costing Sheet ID and provide a description (e.g., "Standard Costing Sheet").
• Click on Save to create the costing sheet.

Example: A new costing sheet with ID "CS01" is created and named "Standard Costing Sheet" to apply standard overhead costs to products.

Step 3: Define Costing Sheet Header

Once the costing sheet is created, the next step is to define the costing sheet header, which includes selecting the overhead cost types and assigning them to cost elements.

• Navigate to OKTZ and select the costing sheet.
• Click on Overhead Cost Elements to assign cost elements (e.g., "Material Costs," "Labor Costs").
• Enter the cost elements and their respective categories.
• Save the header configuration.

Example: In costing sheet "CS01," overhead cost elements such as "Material Overhead" (cost element 4010) and "Labor Overhead" (cost element 4020) are assigned.

Step 4: Define Overhead Calculation Methods

The next step is to define how the overhead costs will be calculated. You can calculate overhead based on a fixed amount, a percentage of cost, or other methods.

• Go to transaction OKTY to define the overhead calculation method.
• Assign calculation keys to the costing sheet.
• Choose the method for each overhead cost element (e.g., calculate overhead as a percentage of material costs).

Example: In costing sheet "CS01," material overhead is calculated at 10% of material costs, and labor overhead is calculated at 15% of labor costs.

Step 5: Define the Overhead Calculation Keys

Costing sheets also require calculation keys, which specify the basis for applying overhead costs. Calculation keys are used to determine how overheads will be applied to the various cost objects.

• Go to transaction OKV9 to define calculation keys.
• Enter a new key (e.g., "K01" for overhead calculation) and assign it to the costing sheet.
• Specify the formula for calculating the overhead costs (e.g., overhead applied as a percentage of direct labor cost).

Example: Calculation key "K01" is created, which applies overhead based on 10% of direct labor costs for cost object "CO01."

Step 6: Assign Costing Sheets to Costing Versions

The costing sheet is assigned to a costing version to ensure it is used in the correct costing procedure. A costing version represents the specific set of rules used for costing.

• Go to transaction OKKN to assign the costing sheet to a costing version.
• Enter the costing version (e.g., "0001") and select the relevant costing sheet (e.g., "CS01").
• Save the configuration.

Example: The costing sheet "CS01" is assigned to costing version "0001," ensuring that the sheet is used for cost calculations during production and planning.

Step 7: Create and Assign Overhead Groups

Overhead groups are used to group different overhead cost elements and help with the efficient allocation of overhead costs.

• Go to transaction OKB9 to define overhead groups.
• Enter the overhead group ID (e.g., "OG01") and assign relevant cost elements (e.g., "Material Overhead" and "Labor Overhead").
• Assign the overhead group to the costing sheet.

Example: Overhead group "OG01" is created, which includes both material and labor overhead costs, and is assigned to costing sheet "CS01."

Step 8: Test the Costing Sheet Configuration

Once the costing sheet is configured, it is essential to test the configuration to ensure that overheads are applied correctly. You can do this by running a costing simulation:

• Go to transaction CK11N to create a costing estimate.
• Enter a material or cost object and select the costing version and costing sheet.
• Run the costing estimate and check if overhead costs are applied correctly according to the defined methods.

Example: A costing estimate for product "MAT1001" is run using costing version "0001" and costing sheet "CS01." The system calculates the overheads based on the predefined percentages and allocates costs to the product.

Step 9: Review and Adjust Costing Sheet Results

After testing the costing sheet, review the results to ensure accuracy. If any discrepancies are found, adjust the costing sheet configuration as necessary:

• Review the costing estimate and check the allocation of overheads.
• If needed, go back to the costing sheet configuration and adjust the calculation keys or overhead cost assignments.

Example: After reviewing the results, it is noticed that the material overhead is too high. The calculation key is adjusted to reduce the overhead from 10% to 8% of material costs.

Conclusion

Configuring costing sheets in SAP FICO is a crucial task for managing overhead costs and ensuring accurate product costing. By following these steps, you can set up and configure costing sheets that will allow for accurate cost allocations, overhead application, and better financial control. Regular testing and adjustment of the costing sheet configurations are necessary to ensure they align with business requirements and cost management goals.